public figure
public figure 公众人物；知名人物(→public personage)
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public figure
A person who has achieved fame or notoriety or who has voluntarily become involved in a public controversy. • A public figure (or public official) suing for defamation must prove that the defendant acted with actual malice. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254, 84 S.Ct. 710 (1964). — Also termed public character.
limited purpose public figure
A person who, having become involved in a particular public issue, has achieved fame or notoriety only in relation to that particular issue. [Cases: Libel and Slander 48(1). C.J.S. Libel and Slander; Injurious Falsehood §§ 91–92, 96, 98, 102–104.]
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all purpose public figure
A person who achieves such pervasive fame or notoriety that he or she becomes a public figure for all purposes and in all contexts. • For example, a person who occupies a position with great persuasive power and influence may become an all-purpose public figure whether or not the person actively seeks attention. Gertz v.
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public figure
public figure. A person who has achieved fame or notoriety or who has voluntarily become involved in a public controversy. • A public figure (or public official) suing for defamation must prove that the defendant acted with actual malice. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254, 84 S.Ct. 710 (1964). — Also termed
public controversy
public controversy 〈美〉公共争论；公共争议 指涉及公开讨论事宜、并对未参与讨论者产生实质性影响的争论。在因公共争论引发的诽谤案中，该争论的参加者可被作为公众人物〔public figure〕，其必须证明被告有实际的恶意〔actual malice〕。个人卷入某一公共争论的性质和程度取决于三个因素：１参与此争论的自愿程度；２为抵制虚假陈述，对有效的交流渠道的利用程度；３在此争论中发挥作用的显着性。 (→public figure; New York Times v. Sullivan)
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public controversy
A controversy involving issues that are debated publicly and that have substantial ramifica-tions for persons other than those engaged in it. • A participant in a public controversy may be deemed a public figure for purposes of a defamation suit arising from the controversy. See PUBLIC FIGURE. [Cases: Libel and Slander 48(1). C.J.S. Libel and
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assassination
assassination, n. The act of deliberately killing someone, esp. a public figure, usu. for hire or for political reasons. — assassinate, vb. — assassin, n.
skilled work
Work requiring the worker to use judgment, deal with the public, analyze facts and figures, or work with abstract ideas at a high level of complexity. 20 CFR § 404. [Cases: Social Security and Public Welfare 140.40, 143.70–143.85. C.J.S. Social Security and Public Welfare §§ 55, 69, 72.]